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Colombo Hosts International Film Festival Highlighting South Asian Cinema

Colombo Hosts International Film Festival Highlighting South Asian Cinema

Colombo, Sri Lanka, is set to host the SAARC Film Festival 2024. This event celebrates South Asian cinema’s rich heritage. The festival returns for its 10th edition after a brief pause due to the pandemic.

Colombo Hosts International Film Festival Highlighting South Asian Cinema

The SAARC Film Festival began in 2011. It has become a top platform for South Asian filmmakers to showcase their talents. The event features films screened between May 1, 2022, and April 30, 2024.

Colombo brings together filmmakers, critics, and enthusiasts from the SAARC region. The festival promotes cultural diversity in films and supports independent cinema. It provides a platform for sharing unique perspectives and stories.

Through this event, the film industry in South Asia continues to grow and develop. Filmmakers can engage in meaningful dialogue and exchange ideas. The festival contributes to the region’s cinematic landscape.

SAARC Film Festival 2024: Celebrating South Asian Cinema

The SAARC Film Festival returns in 2024, showcasing South Asia’s cinematic brilliance. This 10th edition will highlight the best of Sri Lankan cinema and regional film industries. After a pandemic-induced break, the event promises to be spectacular.

Sri Lanka hosts this prestigious festival, promoting cross-cultural collaborations among SAARC member states. The country’s vibrant film industry and rich culture make it an ideal setting. This event celebrates South Asian cinema’s diversity.

Objectives of the SAARC Film Festival

The SAARC Film Festival 2024 aims to achieve several key goals. It promotes mutual cultural heritage through film. The event creates opportunities for filmmakers to gain recognition.

  • Promoting mutual cultural heritage, norms, traditions, and stories through the visual medium of film
  • Creating opportunities for filmmakers to have their creations critiqued and recognized by an international panel
  • Providing a forum for exchanging ideas and knowledge-sharing among experts in the field

The festival features films from South Asia screened between May 1, 2022, and April 30, 2024. Directors and artists will join workshops to improve future productions. This fosters growth in regional film industries.

Sri Lanka’s rich history of movie events ensures an unforgettable experience. The SAARC Film Festival 2024 will celebrate storytelling and silver screen magic. It’s set to be a landmark event in South Asian cinema.

Diverse Film Categories and Nominations

The SAARC Film Festival 2024 honors South Asian cinema’s rich diversity. It showcases the region’s best films, from features to shorts, documentaries, and web-based productions. This event aims to highlight exceptional cinematic offerings from South Asia.

Feature Films, Short Films, Documentaries, and Web-based Films

The festival offers five distinct categories for nominations. Each member state can submit two feature films. Short films, documentaries, and web-based shorts have one nomination slot per country.

The Master Films category recognizes exceptional contributions to filmmaking. This non-felicitation category highlights outstanding work in the field.

The SAARC Film Festival 2024 draws inspiration from events like the Galle Film Festival in Sri Lanka. It aims to create a diverse program that celebrates cinema’s power to inspire change and foster cultural exchange.

Eligibility Criteria and Submission Guidelines

The festival has set clear eligibility criteria for nominated films. Each category has specific requirements for duration, screening period, and content. All films must be subtitled in English or be in English.

The organizers emphasize aligning with the event’s goal of promoting regional peace and harmony. Films that don’t adhere to this vision may be disqualified.

Filmmakers across South Asia are invited to submit their works. Their contributions will help celebrate diverse film categories and exceptional talent at the SAARC Film Festival 2024.

Colombo Hosts International Film Festival Highlighting South Asian Cinema

The SAARC Film Festival 2024 in Colombo showcases the rich diversity of South Asian cinema. It connects regional filmmakers, enabling them to collaborate and celebrate their work. Directors, producers, and actors can forge partnerships and explore co-productions at this unique event.

Workshops and Knowledge-Sharing Sessions

The SAARC Cultural Centre has organized workshops on various aspects of filmmaking. Industry professionals share expertise and discuss emerging trends in these sessions. Topics include scriptwriting, cinematography, editing, and film distribution.

Promoting Cultural Harmony through Cinema

The SAARC Film Festival aims to promote cultural harmony among South Asian nations. It showcases films exploring shared histories, social issues, and cultural traditions. The event builds bridges and strengthens connections between people through visual storytelling.

Enhancing Visual Arts in the Region

The festival stimulates growth in South Asia’s film industry. Filmmakers can explore collaborations and joint ventures through panel discussions and networking events. By combining resources and expertise, the region’s visual arts scene can flourish.

This approach creates compelling narratives that resonate with global audiences. It contributes to the development of a thriving film community in South Asia.

Conclusion

The SAARC Film Festival 2024 in Colombo, Sri Lanka, celebrates South Asian cinema’s diversity. It returns after a pandemic break, offering filmmakers a platform to showcase their work. The event fosters cultural exchange and collaboration across the region.

The festival features various film categories, including features, shorts, documentaries, and web-based films. It gives filmmakers a chance to network, attend workshops, and share knowledge. These opportunities contribute to the growth of the region’s film industry.

Hosting the festival in Colombo is significant for Sri Lanka’s rich cinematic history. The event can help revive the country’s film industry, which faces challenges. It brings together filmmakers from South Asia, promoting cultural harmony through cinema.

The SAARC Film Festival 2024 promises to be a vibrant celebration of regional talents. It highlights cinema’s role in cultural expression and collaboration. Through this event, Colombo and Sri Lanka show their dedication to nurturing filmmaking in South Asia.

Sri Lanka Reaches Deal with Creditor Nations Over Debt

Sri Lanka Reaches Deal with Creditor Nations Over Debt

Sri Lanka Reaches Deal with Creditor Nations Over $5.8 Billion Debt

On June 26, 2024, Sri Lanka took a big step toward fixing its economy. They made a key debt restructuring deal with their main lenders. This deal is key to solving the country’s huge economic crisis. It creates a way to manage finances better and solves issues of not being able to pay back debt. The $10 billion deal aims to fix debt issues and help Sri Lanka recover from financial lows. These issues caused a lack of foreign cash and led to stopping payments on some debts in April 2022.

The deal was made to find the right balance between responsibility and relief. It came after tough creditor negotiations. These talks opened the door for a $2.9 billion IMF bailout, a key moment for Sri Lanka. The deal follows the IMF’s advice on managing debt. It offers things like making the time to pay back loans longer and reducing interest rates. These steps show Sri Lanka’s commitment to serious fiscal reforms. This effort will help get financial support to make the economy stronger. It aims to lower public debt a lot and make financial needs easier to handle.

This restructuring is vital for getting more financial help and treating all lenders fairly. Official lenders are offering a massive 92% cut in debt payments during the IMF program. This huge saving in cash flow will allow for more spending on important public services.

Sri Lanka Reaches Deal with Creditor Nations Over $5.8 Billion Debt

Sri Lanka’s economic recovery takes a leap forward with a new debt deal. This deal marks a crucial step in aligning with the IMF program. It sets the stage for lasting financial health.

Overview of the Historic Debt Treatment Agreement

The deal addresses $5.8 billion of Sri Lanka’s debt. It’s the result of global financial cooperation. Countries like Japan, France, and India are helping by adjusting debt terms to aid Sri Lanka’s economic reforms.

Insights into Sri Lanka’s Economic Crisis and Need for Restructuring

The need for financial overhaul was driven by fiscal missteps and the pandemic. Sri Lanka faced a daunting $37 billion in foreign debt. Thanks to this deal, including better terms and reduced rates, the nation aims for a healthier debt-to-GDP ratio. This is key for stabilizing Sri Lanka’s economy.

Roles of the OCC and Exim Bank of China in the Deal

The Official Creditor Committee (OCC) and the Export-Import Bank of China played pivotal roles. China’s Exim Bank, dealing with $4 billion of the debt, helped tailor a sustainable path. These efforts ensure Sri Lanka’s recovery stays on track with debt treatment strategies.

Creditor Group Debt Amount (Billion USD) Key Features of Agreement
Official Creditor Committee (Japan, France, India) 5.9 Deferments to 2028, reduced interest rates
Export-Import Bank of China 4 Extension of maturity dates, improved terms
Commercial Creditors 14.73 28% reduction on principal, inclusion of Macro-Linked Bonds

This agreement is a big step for Sri Lanka’s commitment to the IMF. It’s a sign of progress in the global economy. Sri Lanka is working hard to secure its future.

The Path to Restoring Economic Stability in Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka is making big strides towards economic stability. The nation has struck crucial debt restructuring deals. This shows its dedication to fiscal responsibility and keeping strong international economic ties. President Wickremesinghe’s government secured a $3-billion deal with the IMF in March 2023. This opened the door for similar bold moves in finance. The country also agreed to restructure about $14.2 billion of its sovereign debt. Plus, a vital agreement for $5.8 billion with the Official Creditor Committee in June 2024 has raised hopes for financial recovery.

Thanks to these deals and tight financial controls, Sri Lanka’s state revenue jumped from 8% to 11% of the GDP. Inflation has also dramatically fallen, from 70% in September 2022 to 5.9% in February 2024. The country’s debt-to-GDP ratio is getting better as the economy is expected to grow this year. The boom in tourism and a big leap in worker remittances have revived the economy. Additionally, with gross official reserves now at $5.9 billion, we’re seeing real signs of recovery from the IMF bailout.

Still, Sri Lanka faces tough challenges ahead. Many families are struggling with higher living costs and reduced incomes since the crisis. But, the government is acting. It’s increasing taxes and using a hefty IMF bailout to boost relief programs. These efforts aim to cut Sri Lanka’s debt and inflation soon. These careful steps are reshaping Sri Lanka’s economy for steady stability and growth.

FAQ

What does Sri Lanka’s agreement with creditor nations entail?

Sri Lanka made a deal with its key lenders, like the Official Creditor Committee and Exim Bank of China. They’re restructuring .8 billion in debt. This move is crucial for Sri Lanka’s economic comeback and aims to make its foreign debts sustainable.

Why was debt restructuring necessary for Sri Lanka?

The country needed to restructure its debt due to an economic crunch. It had run out of foreign cash and paused some debt payments in April 2022. This led to a default, making it necessary to rethink its financial plan and get help.

How will the IMF bailout support Sri Lanka?

The IMF’s bailout will offer vital financial help. It’s linked to Sri Lanka making some big fiscal changes and restructuring its debt. This has to meet the IMF’s rules, making sure Sri Lanka’s debt levels stay manageable.

What are the benefits of the agreement with international lenders for Sri Lanka?

This agreement gives Sri Lanka a big break on its debt. It changes payment deadlines and lowers interest rates. During the IMF program, Sri Lanka will see up to 92% of its debt payments eased. This gives it room to spend on public services and helps stabilize its economy.

What roles did the Official Creditor Committee (OCC) and Exim Bank of China play in the deal?

The OCC and Exim Bank of China were key players in the restructuring talks. They agreed to help Sri Lanka by easing its debt payments. Their support is crucial in making sure Sri Lanka’s recovery efforts work smoothly.

What long-term economic stability measures is Sri Lanka implementing?

Sri Lanka plans to reduce its debt payments to less than 4.5% of its GDP from 2027 to 2032. The government is also raising more money and starting new projects. These steps aim to boost growth and make the economy more stable.

How will the debt deal impact future international economic relations for Sri Lanka?

By restructuring its debt successfully, Sri Lanka is showing the world it’s serious about fixing its finances. This could lead to better relationships with other countries. It might also attract more investments from abroad in the future.

Kandy Esala Perahera Festival Returns in Full Splendor After Pandemic Restrictions Lifted

Kandy Esala Perahera Festival Returns in Full Splendor After Pandemic Restrictions Lifted

Kandy, a historic city in Sri Lanka, buzzed with excitement during the Esala Perahera festival. The event showcased vibrant colors, mesmerizing dances, and deep-rooted traditions. After a year of restrictions, the festival returned, captivating local and global audiences.

Organizers adapted to new norms, ensuring a safe and memorable celebration. The event ran from August 13th to 23rd, 2021. It followed strict health guidelines while highlighting rich Sri Lankan culture.

Kandy Esala Perahera Festival Returns in Full Splendor

The festival was live-streamed in seven languages to promote Sri Lanka. These included English, Sinhala, Tamil, Thai, Chinese, Cambodian, and Japanese. This collaboration between tourism bodies attracted nearly 16,000 international viewers.

The Kandy Esala Perahera festival proves Sri Lankan resilience and adaptability. Organizers used technology to connect the physical and virtual worlds. This allowed people worldwide to experience the magic of this centuries-old tradition.

A Triumphant Comeback: Kandy Esala Perahera Festival Shines Brightly

Sri Lanka’s iconic Buddhist festival, the Kandy Esala Perahera, has returned after pandemic restrictions. Vibrant costumes, fire dances, and whip crackers once again grace Kandy’s streets. Locals and tourists are captivated by the mesmerizing spectacle.

Overcoming Pandemic Challenges

Festival organizers faced numerous hurdles due to the global pandemic. Their determination and careful planning brought back the event in full splendor. This successful comeback showcases the resilience of the Sri Lankan people.

Adapting to New Norms for a Safe Celebration

Safety measures have been implemented to protect participants and spectators. Social distancing and mandatory masks are now part of the event. These adjustments ensure a safe celebration without compromising the festival’s essence.

The Kandy Esala Perahera’s return brings hope and celebrates Sri Lanka’s cultural heritage. Ancient traditions blend with modern precautions, ensuring the festival’s continued success. This beloved event will undoubtedly thrive for generations to come.

The Essence of Kandy Esala Perahera: A Blend of Tradition and Spectacle

The Kandy Esala Perahera is a grand celebration in Sri Lanka. This 10-day festival showcases the country’s rich cultural heritage. Visitors flock to witness the stunning processions during the “Esala” month.

The event holds great historical significance for Sri Lankans. It blends Buddhist traditions with local folklore, creating a unique spectacle.

The Historical Significance of the Festival

The Kandy Esala Perahera dates back to the 4th century. It honors Lord Buddha’s sacred tooth relic, housed in Kandy’s Temple of the Tooth.

The festival also pays tribute to four guardian deities. These include Natha, Vishnu, Kataragama, and Goddess Pattini. This showcases the region’s diverse religious beliefs.

Key Elements of the Perahera Procession

Grand processions are the heart of the Kandy Esala Perahera. They feature traditional Kandyan dancers, fire performers, and skilled drummers.

The elephant pageant is a major highlight. Beautifully adorned elephants parade through the streets in colorful costumes.

A majestic tusker carries a replica of the sacred tooth relic casket. The processions create an atmosphere of joy and cultural pride.

The Role of the Sacred Tooth Relic

The sacred tooth relic is central to the Kandy Esala Perahera. It’s believed to have arrived in Sri Lanka in the 4th century.

The relic symbolizes sovereignty and is a source of blessings. The festival ends with a water-cutting ceremony at the Mahaweli River.

During this ritual, the sacred tooth relic is venerated. Blessings are invoked for the nation’s well-being and its people.

Kandy Esala Perahera Festival Returns in Full Splendor

Kandy’s ancient city bursts with life as the Esala Perahera festival returns. This ten-day event showcases Sri Lanka’s rich cultural heritage. Held annually in July-August, it features traditional dances, music, and a grand elephant parade.

Over 100 adorned elephants march in the festival’s spectacular procession. Hundreds of Kandyan dancers and drummers in traditional attire join them. The Esala Perahera includes five separate parades, each honoring different deities.

Vibrant Displays of Cultural Heritage

The Kandy Esala Perahera festival boasts a 1,600-year history. It’s a living testament to Sri Lanka’s enduring cultural traditions. The festival ends with a procession led by the Maligawa Tusker.

This special elephant carries a replica of the Sacred Tooth Relic. The relic is usually housed in Kandy’s Temple of the Tooth.

Mesmerizing Performances by Dancers and Musicians

Kandy’s streets pulse with the rhythmic beats of skilled drummers. Graceful Kandyan dancers, fire dancers, and whip dancers captivate onlookers. These performers wear elegant costumes that showcase Sri Lanka’s rich artistic heritage.

The Majestic Elephant Procession

A highlight is the merging of four devale peraheras. Each devale is dedicated to a specific deity. Dozens of adorned elephants create a majestic procession that amazes visitors.

This grand display draws people from around the world. They come to experience the essence of Sri Lankan culture and tradition.

Conclusion

The Kandy Esala Perahera festival has made a triumphant return in 2023. This centuries-old tradition dates back to the 3rd century BC. The event showcases Sri Lanka’s rich cultural heritage and religious significance in the sacred city of Kandy.

The festival’s core is the veneration of Buddha’s Sacred Tooth Relic. This relic has been central to the celebration since 310 A.D. The pageant features thousands of dancers, drummers, musicians, and majestic elephants.

The final night is the festival’s peak. It involves about 5,000 performers and 100 elephants. The event ends with the sacred Diya-kepeema ritual at the Mahaweli River in Getambe, Kandy.

The Kandy Esala Perahera’s revival shows Sri Lankan culture’s resilience. It brings joy and unity to the people of Sri Lanka. The event also proves the country’s dedication to preserving its heritage for future generations.

Sri Lanka faces challenges with changing agricultural policies and their economic impact. Yet, the Kandy Esala Perahera remains a symbol of hope and pride for all Sri Lankans.

Elephants Rampage at Festival: 13 Injured in Stampede

Elephants Rampage at Festival: 13 Injured in Stampede

At a Hindu festival in Kataragama, Sri Lanka, joy turned to chaos. An elephant, startled during the festivities, ran through the crowd. This caused other elephants to join in, leading to a dangerous situation.

In Sri Lanka, 13 people were hurt and needed hospital care. Thankfully, they have all recovered. Elephants are a big part of religious events in Sri Lanka. But this incident raises concerns about their role and the safety of people.

elephants go on rampage & stampede injuring 13 at religious festival

Key Takeaways

  • An elephant stampede at the Kataragama festival led to injuries and safety worries.
  • This event shows the dangers of elephants in crowded places.
  • The injured people have all been looked after and are now out of the hospital.
  • It’s time to think about how we include animals in our traditions, considering both ethics and safety.
  • People organizing festivals, those who care about animals, and officials must work together. This will help avoid accidents in the future.

Chaos and Fear: How the Celebration Turned Catastrophic

The peaceful Ruhunu Kataragama Perahera festival in Sri Lanka suddenly changed. An elephant in the procession got aggressive. This led to 13 people getting hurt in Kataragama, about 175 miles from Colombo. Emergency teams came fast to help, and many injured were taken to hospitals.

Looking closely at these events shows how hard it is to manage big animals at festivals. Incidents not just in Sri Lanka but around the world call for better animal control. Even the best plans can fail when an elephant suddenly acts out, as seen in Colombo and Kandy.

The issues raise big worries about the safety of animals and people at these festivals. It’s essential to have good emergency plans ready. After this event, there’s been a lot of talk about changing how we handle animals at such events to keep everyone safe.

It’s tricky when tradition and safety intersect. We need smart, kind ways to manage animals and crowds. By learning from incidents around the world, we can handle high-risk situations better. This keeps our traditions alive safely.

Elephants Go on Rampage & Stampede Injuring 13 at Religious Festival

A sacred festival in Sri Lanka turned chaotic, injuring 13 people. This happened at the Ruhunu Kataragama Perahera, around 8:30 pm. Elephants and people panicked, showing we need better safety and animal care measures at these events.

Initial Panic: The Beginning of the Rampede

The trouble began 175 miles south of Colombo, in Kataragama. An elephant strayed, causing panic among people and other elephants. This led to a dangerous stampede. It shows the importance of strict crowd control and public safety at big gatherings.

Emergency Response: Controlling the Mayhem

Emergency teams quickly came to help those hurt and control the chaos. They worked hard to calm the elephants and help the injured. This highlighted the need for careful planning when animals are part of cultural events.

Aftermath: Injuries Treated and Discharged

Those hurt were rushed to Kataragama hospital for treatment. Thankfully, they all left the hospital okay. This raises talks about safety and managing events with animals, especially with the Sri Lankan elephant’s endangered status.

Government Launches National Digital Transformation Roadmap

Government Launches National Digital Transformation Roadmap

The Sri Lankan Government has launched a big plan for the future. They call it the National Digital Transformation Initiative. This plan is a detailed blueprint aimed at making Sri Lanka’s economy more digital by 2030. It highlights the importance of Digital Strategy Development for sustainable growth. It guides Sri Lanka into a new era of digital innovation and transformation.

The main goal is to create a National Digital Infrastructure Plan. It’s about making digital access fairer and improving public services quickly. The plan includes several stages over five years, linking well with the country’s overall development plans. It looks at how digital technology can change public services, like education, for the better. This makes governance smarter, more connected, and efficient.

The strategy draws inspiration from Uganda’s Digital Uganda Vision 2040. It has high aims, like boosting the contribution of ICT to the GDP. The plan fosters a place where digital skills, innovation, and creating businesses are key. This fits well with the world moving more towards a digital era, with blockchain and AI changing how things are done in government and education.

Key points of this plan include teaching people more about digital technology, improving online safety, protecting data, and providing better internet access. It was made by six groups working together, each focusing on different parts of putting the plan into action. The result is a broad plan to change Sri Lanka’s digital base into something stronger, more open, and forward-thinking.

Government Launches National Digital Transformation Roadmap

OMP Sri Lanka ensures people know about important plans like the National Digital Transformation Roadmap. This plan marks a big step towards closing the digital gap between city and country areas. It prepares young people for the future and uses ICT to improve society and the economy. The plan also strongly focuses on making the country more able to deal with challenges, like the recent school closures due to floods. It highlights the need for better national defenses against natural disasters.

Exploring Sri Lanka’s 2030 Vision for Digital Transformation

Sri Lanka is on a journey towards digital progress with the National Digital Transformation Roadmap. This roadmap focuses on upgrading technology and government systems. It also aims to boost Economic Growth and make digital tools available across public services.

The National Digital Transformation Roadmap is key for Sri Lanka’s growth. It uses Digital Innovation in Public Sector to make the country competitive globally. The plan includes improving infrastructure and digital skills. It will also bring in new Digital Financial Services for more development.

The Influence of the National Digital Transformation Roadmap on the Economy

With this roadmap, Sri Lanka plans to upgrade its digital set-up. Key projects, like the City of Dreams, will help grow the economy by pulling in investors and tourists. Global rankings, like the Network Readiness Index, show that better digital systems can lift a country’s economy. This suggests Sri Lanka’s plans are on the right track.

Core Principles and Strategic Focus Areas of the Digital Roadmap

The roadmap stands on principles like inclusivity and sustainability. It aims to improve digital government services and cybersecurity. By launching Public Sector Innovation projects, it will upgrade technology in many areas.

Aligning Digital Initiatives with Sustainable Development Goals

The roadmap also supports eco-friendly tech and tries to bring digital tools to more people. It includes steps to update farming with tech, as shown by digital agritech projects.

This broad strategy not only lifts Sri Lanka’s economy. It also matches global goals for a sustainable future. That’s why Sri Lanka’s digital changes are crucial for its development.

Indicator 2020 Ranking 2022 Ranking
ITU Global Cybersecurity Index 83 out of 194 Improving Measures
UN E-Government Development Index 85 out of 193 95 out of 193
Network Readiness Index 83 out of 134 81 out of 131

Sri Lanka’s 2030 Vision for Digital Transformation seeks a balance in using digital tech for development. This roadmap clearly outlines how to modernize the public sector and promote economic and tech growth.

Driving Innovation and Inclusivity Through Digital Strategy Development

Sri Lanka focuses on creating an Inclusive Digital Economy and boosting Digital Literacy. The goal is to Bridge the Digital Divide nationwide. Making high-speed broadband available to everyone at affordable rates is key. This move aims for speeds over 100 Mbps. This will allow all government services to go online. This means citizens and businesses can easily do transactions online. With a smart approach to budget management, Sri Lanka is modernizing its economy and addressing its money challenges.

Fostering Digital Literacy and Bridging the Digital Divide

The government is improving technology to gain people’s trust in digital services. It is also focused on eco-friendly projects. This is to make digital systems more sustainable. Sri Lanka is making great progress in Digital Transformation. It’s improving access and use of digital tech. These changes will open new doors for everyone, supporting Sri Lanka’s digital infrastructure goals.

Utilizing Emerging Technologies for Economic Growth

The world’s economy is quickly changing, with digital platforms leading the way. Sri Lanka knows it needs to use Emerging Technologies for Economic Growth. The country is updating laws and policies to support digital developments. This will help Sri Lanka become a leader in digital policies and governance by 2025.

Public-Private Partnerships in National Digital Infrastructure

Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) are crucial for Sri Lanka’s digital plans. These partnerships help overcome resource challenges. They make it easier for private investors to fund digital projects. Together, the government, schools, and businesses are expanding digital access to countryside areas. With help from groups like the World Bank and Asian Development Bank, Sri Lanka is growing. It aims to become a key business area in South Asia, focusing on strong health strategies and sustainability.